Foundations that stick.
Structured lessons, readable Go solutions, and a test runner that mirrors real interview platforms.
Learning Tracks
Foundations & Encodings
2 problems, 1 quiz
bitcoin encoding varint addressMerkle Trees
1 problem, 1 quiz
bitcoin merkle hashTransactions & UTXO
2 problems, 1 quiz
bitcoin serialization tx utxo +1Script Validation
1 problem, 1 quiz
bitcoin script cryptoProof of Work & Difficulty
2 problems, 1 quiz
bitcoin pow difficulty miningBlock Assembly
1 problem, 1 quiz
bitcoin mempool feesChain Selection & Reorgs
1 problem, 1 quiz
bitcoin consensus reorg
Compiler Foundations: Language, Tokens, Grammar
1 quiz
Lexing: From Text to Tokens
1 problem
compilers lexing tokensParsing & ASTs: Structure Over Text
1 problem, 1 quiz
compilers parsing astLowering: AST to Stack Bytecode
1 problem
compilers lowering bytecodeLanguage Expansion: Variables, Statements, Functions
1 problem, 1 quiz
compilers lexing strings tokensParsing Programs: Declarations and Statements
1 problem
compilers parsing ast statementsSemantic Analysis: Names, Scopes, and Rules
1 problem, 1 quiz
compilers semantics scopesBytecode & VM: Making It Run
2 problems
compilers bytecode lowering virtual machineBytecode Format: A Real Compile Artifact
1 problem
compilers bytecode serializationCapstone: Source to Bytecode to VM
1 problem
compilers bytecode vm capstonev3 Language: Collections and Closures
1 problem
compilers lexing tokens collectionsv3 Parsing: Postfix, Maps, and Arrays
1 problem
compilers parsing ast collections +1v3 Semantics: Nested Functions
1 problem
compilers semantics scopes closuresv3 Bytecode: Closures and Indexing
1 problem
compilers bytecode lowering closuresv3 VM: Closures and GC
1 problem
compilers virtual machine bytecode gcv3 Bytecode Format (BC2)
1 problem
compilers bytecode serializationv3 Capstone: Full Pipeline
1 problem
compilers bytecode vm capstonev4 Control Flow: for, break/continue, && / ||
1 problem
compilers lexing tokens control flowv4 Parsing: for loops and short-circuit logic
1 problem
compilers parsing ast control flowv4 Semantics: loop rules and scope
1 problem
compilers semantics scopes loopsv4 Bytecode: lowering control flow
1 problem
compilers bytecode lowering control flowv4 Capstone: Full Pipeline
1 problem
compilers bytecode vm capstonev5 Modules: imports, exports, and a linker mindset
1 problem
compilers lexing modulesv5 Parsing: modules, imports, and member access
1 problem
compilers parsing modulesv5 Semantics: import/export resolution
1 problem
compilers semantics modulesv5 Bytecode: compiling modules
1 problem
compilers bytecode modulesv5 Linker: merging module bytecode
1 problem
compilers bytecode linkingv5 Capstone: Full Pipeline
1 problem
compilers bytecode vm capstonev6 Types: static guarantees for a dynamic VM
1 problem
compilers lexing typesv6 Parsing: type annotations and signatures
1 problem
compilers parsing typesv6 Semantics: static types on a dynamic runtime
1 problem
compilers semantics typesv6 Capstone: Full Pipeline
1 problem
compilers bytecode vm capstone +1
Compression Foundations & Entropy
2 problems, 1 quiz
compression entropy math prefix-codeBit I/O & Universal Codes
2 problems, 1 quiz
compression bit-io encoding universal-codesHuffman Coding
2 problems, 1 quiz
compression huffman prefix-code encodingDictionary Coding
2 problems, 1 quiz
compression lz77 dictionary lzwTransform Coding
2 problems, 1 quiz
compression transform bwt rleArithmetic / Range Coding
1 problem, 1 quiz
compression arithmetic-coding entropyCapstone: DEFLATE-Lite
1 problem, 1 quiz
compression lz77 huffman
Crypto Foundations & Threat Models
4 problems, 1 quiz
cryptography randomness prng bitwise +5Hash Functions & Merkle Structures
4 problems, 1 quiz
cryptography hashing bitwise merkle-tree +2Block Ciphers & Modes
4 problems, 1 quiz
cryptography block-cipher aes bitwise +5KDFs & Password Hashing
4 problems, 1 quiz
cryptography hashing hmac kdf +4Public-Key Math Essentials
4 problems, 1 quiz
cryptography number-theory gcd modular-arithmetic +2
DB Internals Foundations
1 problem, 1 quiz
database wal serializationPage Layout and Slotted Pages
1 problem, 1 quiz
database storage pagesBuffer Pool and Eviction
1 problem, 1 quiz
database buffer-pool cacheWAL Recovery
1 problem, 1 quiz
database recovery walB+Tree Indexing
2 problems, 1 quiz
database btree indexTransactions and Locking
1 problem, 1 quiz
database transactions locking
Arrays & Strings II
8 problems, 1 quiz
array set hash-map two-pointers +10Sorting, Selection & Divide-and-Conquer
2 problems, 1 quiz
divide-and-conquer selection partition merge-sort +1Greedy Fundamentals & Intervals
2 problems, 1 quiz
greedy intervals sorting heap +1Prefix Sums & Binary Search on Answer
3 problems, 1 quiz
prefix-sum hash-map array difference-array +2Monotonic Stack & Queue Patterns
2 problems, 1 quiz
monotonic-stack stack arrayMath & Number Theory Essentials
3 problems, 1 quiz
math gcd lcm modular-arithmetic +3Dynamic Programming Basics
4 problems, 1 quiz
dp math array unbounded-knapsack +1Dynamic Programming Advanced
5 problems, 1 quiz
dp bitmask graph tree +3Strings & Automata
5 problems, 1 quiz
string kmp dp regex +4Suffix Structures & Rolling Hash
1 problem, 1 quiz
string rolling-hash hashingGraph Traversal on Grids
2 problems, 1 quiz
graph dfs bfs gridGraphs Advanced
3 problems, 1 quiz
graph topological-sort cycle-detection shortest-path +1Graphs Beyond Traversal
3 problems, 1 quiz
graph mst union-find scc +3Geometry Basics
3 problems, 1 quiz
geometry orientation line-segment line-sweep +2Probabilistic Data Structures
1 problem, 1 quiz
probabilistic hashingBinary Trees
4 problems, 1 quiz
tree recursion dfs bstHeaps & Priority Queues
3 problems, 1 quiz
heap sorting quickselect hash-map +2Advanced Data Structures
2 problems, 1 quiz
trie strings fenwick binary-indexed-tree +1Advanced Trees
2 problems, 1 quiz
segment-tree range-query array sparse-tableUnion-Find (Disjoint Set Union)
3 problems, 1 quiz
union-find graph dfs cycle-detection +1Linked Lists
4 problems, 1 quiz
linked-list recursion two-pointers floyd +2System Design Foundations
1 quiz
System Design Core
1 quiz
System Design Reliability
1 quiz
System Design Capstones
1 quiz
Distributed Foundations: Time & Ordering
6 problems
distributed-systems clocks ordering causalityReplication & Quorums
4 problems
distributed-systems replication quorum availability +1Consistency & Reconciliation
5 problems
distributed-systems consistency ordering replication +1Geo Replication & Multi-Region
1 problem
distributed-systems replication geoMembership & Failure Detection
3 problems
distributed-systems membership gossip failure-detectionPartitioning & Load
3 problems
distributed-systems partitioning hashing replication +1Consensus: Raft
9 problems
distributed-systems consensus raft storage +2Logs & Streaming
8 problems
distributed-systems streaming logs partitioning +4Observability & Resilience
5 problems
distributed-systems observability sre resilienceCoordination & Transactions
3 problems
distributed-systems transactions coordination consistencyStorage & Durability
4 problems
distributed-systems storage durability lsmCRDTs & Conflict Resolution
5 problems
distributed-systems crdt conflict-resolution
Autograd: Building an Automatic Differentiation Engine
3 problems, 1 quiz
autograd computational-graph gradients backpropagation +3Neural Network Abstractions: Module, Linear, Sequential
2 problems, 1 quiz
neural-networks module abstraction linear-layer +1Embeddings and Positional Encoding
1 quiz
Self-Attention: The Heart of Transformers
1 problem, 1 quiz
attention transformers self-attentionThe Transformer Block: Assembling the Pieces
1 quiz
Mini-GPT: Building a Character-Level Language Model
1 problem
gpt transformers language-models capstone
Autograd: Scalar Reverse-Mode
2 problems
autograd computational-graph gradients backpropagation +1Neural Network Abstractions
2 problems
neural-networks module abstraction linear-layer +2Tokenization and Batching
1 problem
tokenization nlp batchingEmbeddings and Positional Encoding
1 problem
embeddings positional-encodingBigram Language Model
1 problem
language-models softmax trainingMLP Language Model
1 problem
language-models mlp context-windowSelf-Attention
1 problem
attention transformers self-attentionMulti-Head Attention and Transformer Blocks
1 problem
transformers multi-head layer-normMini-GPT: End-to-End Language Model
1 problem
gpt transformers language-models
Memory Fundamentals
1 problem, 1 quiz
memory syscalls heapBlock Metadata Design
1 problem, 1 quiz
memory data-structures pointersFree List Management
1 problem, 1 quiz
memory linked-lists algorithmsBuilding malloc
2 problems, 1 quiz
memory allocation heap deallocation +1malloc with Block Reuse
1 problem, 1 quiz
memory allocation optimizationrealloc and calloc
2 problems, 1 quiz
memory reallocation edge-cases allocation +1Allocator Optimization
4 problems, 1 quiz
memory alignment optimization fragmentation +2Complete malloc Capstone
1 problem, 1 quiz
memory systems capstone
Linear Algebra Essentials for ML
1 problem, 1 quiz
linear-algebra vectors matricesCalculus for Machine Learning
1 problem, 1 quiz
calculus gradients derivativesProbability Foundations
1 problem, 1 quiz
probability bayes distributionsDescriptive Statistics
1 problem, 1 quiz
statistics mean variance stdVectors and Distance Metrics
2 problems
vectors distance similarity classification +1Text Representation: Bag of Words and TF-IDF
2 problems
nlp text vectorization tfidfEmbeddings: Dense Vector Representations
1 problem, 1 quiz
embeddings similarity nlpLoss Functions: Measuring Model Error
1 problem, 1 quiz
loss mse cross-entropyGradient Descent and Optimization
2 problems
optimization gradient-descent learning-rate regressionClassification: Decision Boundaries
2 problems
classification logistic sigmoid softmax +1Model Evaluation Metrics
1 problem, 1 quiz
evaluation accuracy precision recallRegularization and Overfitting
1 problem, 1 quiz
regularization l1 l2 overfittingFeature Engineering
2 problems
features normalization standardization encoding +1Dimensionality Reduction with PCA
1 problem, 1 quiz
pca dimensionality-reduction eigenvaluesTensors: The Building Blocks of Deep Learning
2 problems
tensors numpy shapes broadcastingFrom Logistic Regression to Neural Networks
1 problem
neural-networks backpropagation capstone
OS Foundations and Process Model
1 problem, 1 quiz
os process lifecycleCPU Scheduling
1 problem, 1 quiz
os schedulingSynchronization and Deadlocks
2 problems, 1 quiz
os synchronization deadlock graphMemory Management
2 problems, 1 quiz
os memory paging replacementVirtual Memory and Caching
2 problems, 1 quiz
os tlb cache virtual-memory +1Filesystems and Storage
2 problems, 1 quiz
os filesystem inode storage +1
Array & String
13 problems
arrays two-pointers in-place counting +2Two Pointers
7 problems
strings two-pointers arrays sorting +1Sliding Window
7 problems
arrays sliding-window stringsMatrix
6 problems
matrix hashing simulation in-placeHash Map
8 problems
hash-map counting strings arrays +2Intervals
6 problems
intervals arrays sorting greedy +1Stack + Monotonic
7 problems
stack strings monotonic parsingLinked List
10 problems
linked-list two-pointers math merge +2Binary Tree General
7 problems
binary-tree dfs divide-conquerBinary Tree BFS
5 problems
binary-tree bfs pointersBinary Search Tree
4 problems
binary-search-tree dfs inorder stackGraph General
7 problems
graph dfs bfs grid +4Graph BFS
5 problems
graph bfs strings gridTrie
4 problems
trie strings dfs backtrackingBacktracking
7 problems
backtracking strings gridDivide & Conquer
4 problems
divide-and-conquer binary-search-tree linked-listBinary Search
7 problems
binary-search matrix arraysHeap / Priority Queue
5 problems
heap hashmap arrays data-structure +1Bit Manipulation
6 problems
bit-manipulation stringsMath
6 problems
math arrays binary-search hashmap1D DP (Including Kadane)
9 problems
dp kadane strings binary-search2D DP
7 problems
dp grid strings