System Design Core

1 / 8

Data Modeling

  • Model for access patterns
  • Denormalize for hot reads
2 / 8

Storage + Indexes

  • B‑tree for random access
  • LSM for write‑heavy
3 / 8

Caching

  • Key design + invalidation
  • Staleness rules
4 / 8

Consistency

  • Linearizable vs eventual
  • Conflict resolution
5 / 8

Sharding

  • Partition keys matter
  • Rebalancing strategy
6 / 8

Messaging

  • At‑least‑once vs exactly‑once
  • Idempotency
7 / 8
  • Dedicated indexing pipeline
  • Freshness vs cost
8 / 8
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