v3 Language

New surface area

• nested functions and closures
• arrays and maps as runtime objects
• function values and first-class callability

Literal semantics

• array evaluation is left-to-right
• map evaluation is left-to-right key/value pairs
• keys must be hashable primitives

Index behavior

• reads evaluate container then index
• writes evaluate container + index + value
• then mutate target object

Callability

• functions are values
• CALL validates runtime callee type
• closures retain lexical environment

Memory model

• arrays/maps/closures are heap objects
• shared references can alias
• equality is identity in this pack
• GC needs to see these references as roots

Practical checks

• map key validity
• call on non-callable value
• captured scope usage across calls
• deterministic index read/write ordering